کوشان اتصال

The requirement to have sufficient water in order to support and maintain healthy ecosystems has long been verified.
But nature additionally plays a unique and crucial role in regulating the various aspects of the water cycle, which it is possible to act as a regulator, purifier, or water supplier.
Accordingly, preserving healthy ecosystems directly improves water security for everybody.
The United Nations presents an annual Global Development Report (WWDR) 2018 and emphasizes opportunities to inhibit natural processes that regulate different amounts of the water cycle and are recognized as nature-based solutions for water.

This is a vital step to guarantee the long-term sustainability of water resources and several advantages that provide water; including food and energy security to human health and sustainable social and economic development.
However, it is true that we achieved recent advances, but water resources management depends remarkably on human infrastructure (gray).
Ecosystem degradation is one of the main causes to increase challenges of water resources management. Although approximately 30 percent of the world’s left forest land, at least two-thirds of the region is being damaged.
Most of the world’s soil resources, particularly on agricultural land, are in a good, weak, or extremely poor state, and the current vision is that this situation will worsen and negatively influence the water cycle through more evaporation, lower water storage, and increasing surface runoff is along with increasing soil erosion.
There is evidence that ecosystem changes during history have caused to death of several ancient civilizations.
Currently, there is an important question including, can we prevent the same destiny?

Drop irrigation is the most effortless method to irrigate any plant, such as trees and vineries, and solves the problem of the lack of soil moisture before higher suction due to the plant’s water consumption through evaporation and transpiration. A drop irrigation system includes unique economic advantages because of using efficiently water and labor.
Drop irrigation refers to various methods of pressurized irrigation, in which water is spread directly in a small region near each plant using droppers or sprinklers that have been located along a water distribution line. In fact, the ground is irrigated near the plant root development area in this system in order to make wet a small area and depth from the soil surface, it saves water consumption and also increases crop outputs, and also reduces weed growth. There is another advantage of drop irrigation including the possibility of using liquid or water-soluble fertilizers, and it is possible to use this system in order to convey these nutrients to the plant.

There is a significant difference between drop irrigation and other irrigation methods including that a balance is set between evapotranspiration and the amount of water that is needed to deliver to the soil during a period of 24 to 72 hours. This issue enables us to apply water in the most efficient way due to the limited amount of water. Irrigation systems are local /fixed drops, it is easy to automate many of them. There are disadvantages of drop irrigation such as high costs and moderately advanced techniques of drop irrigation, salts and solids suspended in Iranian waters (which cause clogging of droppers) and have directed farmers to utilize this irrigation method more carefully and based on more research; but these cases should not convince us to reject the drop irrigation method and seek to eliminate its disadvantages. Tape drop irrigation has become common in order to solve this problem and reduce the cost of conventional drop irrigation systems.

The way of operating the drop irrigation network

The water is pumped by the pump from the water source into the network which is passed through the cyclone, the sand and its extremely large foreign materials are deposited and the rest of the solids suspended in the water are taken in the sand filter. Part of the water penetrates the fertilizer tank and this solution leaves the other end of the tank by dissolving some fertilizer in the water and re-enters the mainstream. Water enters the distribution pipes and coordinates the control center of this set after passing through the filter or disk. It is then carried to the plant through holes or droppers that have been set on the irrigation tape. The tape can be easily and fast installed and has high efficiency. This pipe has been designed in such a way that water inlet holes, side zigzag pipe, irrigation tape create a cohesive unit. Water is directed from the water inlets to the zigzag pipe, which has been planned in order to decrease the water outlet pressure. These holes function as a filter and prevent possible suspended particles in the water from entering the zigzag duct. It means that in practice, each dropper independently has a filter and a pressure reducing duct that works independently and its output flow is constant at a certain pressure.